Economical and Environmentally Friendly Organic hydrazone Derivatives Characterized by a Heteroaromatic Core as Potential Hole Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

A series of organic electron-rich π-bridged symmetric hydrazones, composed two donor moieties connected through a thiophene- or pyrrole-based π-spacer, has been synthesized as suitable alternative to 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9’-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), considered the benchmark hole transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The cheap synthetic protocol is for potential large-scale production. All compounds were characterized, showing good energy levels alignments with and very close Spiro-OMeTAD. Furthermore, computational analysis confirmed electrochemical trend observed. costs synthesis estimated, well produced waste synthesise final HTMs, underlining low impact these on environment respect Overall, relevant properties cost approaches allow be greener easy-to-synthesize Spiro-OMeTAD industrial development PSCs.